The correct answer is: Frederick Grant Banting.
Frederick Grant Banting (1891-1941), a Canadian physiologist working at the University of Toronto, was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1923 for the discovery of insulin. Insulin, a protein hormone, is produced by the pancreatic beta cells, which are located in the islets of Langerhans, and is responsible for regulation of the sugar content of blood. Failure of the body to produce or respond properly to insulin leads to diabetes mellitus. Dr. Banting was assisted in this pioneering work by one of his students, Charles Best. [Other choices: Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin. Frederick Sanger determined the exact sequence of amino acids comprising the insulin molecule. Paul Langerhans first described the islet cells that bear his name. Louis Pasteur originated the process of pasteurization and established the validity of the germ theory of disease.]
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1.The term "diabetes mellitus" is derived from the Greek word diabetes and the Latin word mellitus. What do they mean?
2. What is the most prevalent form of diabetes mellitus: Type 1 or Type 2?
3. Which of the following are symptoms for diabetes: frequent urination, excessive thirst, increased appetite, severe gum problems, tingling hands/feet, or blurry vision?
4. The pancreas is a glandular organ that secretes two major hormones related to metabolism of blood sugar. One hormone is insulin. Name the other.
5. What was the original working name given to insulin?
6. Vitamin D deficiency may be involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes. As few foods are naturally rich in vitamin D (outside of fish liver oils, most foods that contain vitamin D are fortified products such as fortified milk or breakfast cereals), how does the body generate vitamin D?
7. World Diabetes Day is celebrated every year on November 14. What is the significance of this date?
8. Which three countries have the highest number of people with diabetes?
9. -Diabetics have excess sugar (glucose) in their blood. What is the correct terminology for this condition: polydipsia, polyuria, hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, or glycosuria?
10. What is the preferred test for diagnosing diabetes?
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